Mar 4, 2010

Grading Of Cancer Cells

After a biopsy of the cancer is taken, or cancer cells are found in aspirated fluid, the cells can be assessed, and the cancer graded, by looking at certain features of the cells under the microscope.
•    Grade 1 (low grade) – the cells look reasonably similar to normal ovarian cells. The cancer cells are said to be ‘well differentiated’. The cancer cell tends to grow and multiply quite slowly and is not so ‘aggressive’.
•    Grade 2 – is a middle grade.
•    Grade 3 – the cells look very abnormal and are said to be ‘poorly differentiated’. The cancer cells tend to grow and multiply quite quickly and are more ‘aggressive’.
The import of the above is that finding out the stage and grade of the cancer helps doctors to advice on the best treatment options. It also gives a reasonable indication of the outlook.
Treatment Options
Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy. The treatment advised for each case depends on various factors such as the stage and grade of the cancer, and the general health of the patient. A specialist gynecologist or an experienced doctor in this area of care will be able to give the pros and cons, likely success rate, possible side-effects and other details about the various possible treatment options for a particular type and stage of cancer.
Aims of treatment
•    In a number of cases, treatment aims to cure the cancer; although doctors tend to use the word ‘remission’ rather than the word ‘cured’. Remission means there is no sign of cancer following treatment. If one is ‘in remission’, one may be cured. However, in some cases a cancer returns months or years later. This is why physicians are sometimes reluctant to use the word cured.
•    In some cases, treatment aims to control the cancer. If a cure is not realistic, with treatment it is often possible to limit the growth or spread of the cancer so that it progresses less rapidly. This may keep one free of symptoms for some time.
•    In some, however, treatment aims to ease symptoms. For example, if a cancer is advanced the patient may require treatments such as painkillers or other symptoms. Some treatments may be used to reduce the size of a cancer which may ease symptoms such as pain.

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